Last updated: December 16th, 2024
Australians are having to spend more on the basics and delay big purchases due to inflation and dwindling savings. Money worries have been a leading cause of mortgage stress and mental health problems.
But there are signs of improvement.
Insights into how Australians spend their money shared by the ABS reveal that we:
- Spent 2.8% more than a year ago (based on the 12-months to October) across all household purchases.
- Increased spending on essentials — particularly health services and medicines — by 2.0% through the year to October.
| Key Takeaways: |
|---|
| Inflation and interest rate rises continue to reduce Australians’ disposable income and ability to save. |
| Government measures that came into effect July 2024 could help bring down cost of living pressures. |
| Wage growth is now exceeding inflation, but it’s unclear if that’s enough to put ‘real’ incomes into positive territory. |
Earlier in 2024, spending on non-discretionary goods and services (things we can’t live without) saw increases as high as 6.1% (March).
October’s data shows a bounce-back in spending on recreation, cultural events and travel. This was driven by “households snapping up tickets for several major international music concerts and sporting events in 2025,” according to ABS head of business statistics, Robert Ewing.
While our high standard of living makes Australia a desirable place to live and migrate to, day-to-day costs can make it hard to prosper and get ahead.
Is there relief on the horizon?
Above: Employee households saw the largest annual surge in living costs of all household types.
Cost Of Living Is Climbing Faster Than Inflation.
Our current annual rate of inflation (September quarter 2024) is 2.8%, with the largest increases being seen in housing and rents, education, health, insurance, food and recreation.
While monthly indicator data from January and February 2024 seemed to signal slowing inflation, at 3.4%, inflation ticked up again in March, April and May.
A monthly indicator result of 4.0% in May surprised economists, and June’s 3.8% CPI figure was expected but still above the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) target of 2-3%.
Finally, in August 2024 the monthly data saw headline inflation drop below 3%, and it was just 2.1% in October.
Many Aussies say they plan to cut back on spending this Christmas, but the true extent of demand will be revealed when the next quarterly CPI result is released on 29th January 2025.
Important!
When costs rise too quickly, it’s bad news — and typically triggers action from the RBA in the form of cash rate rises that influence interest rates. This cools demand by reducing borrowing and spending.
Paying off the mortgage became significantly more costly in 2023-24, thanks to Australia’s well-documented and unprecedented run of interest rate rises.
Above: Many Australians were forced to divert 30% or more of their disposable income to servicing their loan.
Higher rates and the cohort of borrowers rolling off low fixed rates to much higher variable rates, meant repayments skyrocketed.
ABS Living Cost Indexes data released in August 2024 found household costs saw the highest annual rise for working families due to paying more interest on their mortgages. Interest charges increased by 2.6% in the June quarter and by 7% in the previous quarter.
Updated figures for the September 2024 quarter show smaller rises in living costs for most Aussies. Falling fuel and electricity prices made a difference.
ABS’ Living Cost Indexes (LCI) data shows Mortgage interest charges rose:
- 18.9% over the year to September 2024.
- 26.5% over the year to June 2024.
- 35.3% through the year to March 2024.
- 40.3% across the year to December 2023.
- 91.6% in the 12-months to June 2023.
While there’s a clear downwards trend, paying down a home loan is still incredibly tough.
Expert Tip.
The ABS’ LCI data differs from CPI because it includes mortgage interest charges rather than the cost of building new dwellings.
Rents have also been a major contributor, rising 6.7% annually from September 2023 to September 2024, based on the ABS’ latest monthly CPI indicator figures.
Important!
Rents would be even higher if not for a 10% increase in Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) subsidies in September 2024, and a 15% increase in 2023.
With fewer properties available, asking rents in capital cities jumped 14.2% in the year to January 2024, according to property data group SQM Research.
Asking rents dropped by 0.5% nationally in the month to 12 December, 2024, with the average weekly rent in a city falling to $721.80.
However, seven of the eight capital cities still saw rental price increases.
- Perth rents jumped the most — 2.3% — bringing its average rent for all property types to $731 per week.
- Sydney rents decreased by 0.9% but the city remains the most expensive with houses costing $1,037 a week on average.
Analysis by the ABC shows the ratio of earnings to mortgage size has more than doubled in the last 30 years — meaning the average mortgage is now eight times the yearly wage (compared to 3x in 1990).
Are Australians Paying More For Everyday Items?
When it comes to CPI inflation, other major costs include:
- Gas prices rose 7.3% but utilities costs were offset by a massive 17.3% drop in electricity costs due to rebates.
- Alcohol and tobacco, which saw a 6.7% annual increase in the September 2024 quarter.
- Food, especially fruit and vegetables, which rose by 8.6% in the quarter due to poor growing conditions.
- Insurance premiums, which rose 14.0% annually — down from 16.4% in the March quarter, which was the strongest rise since March 2001.
(Related: Australian Inflation Rate: Will It Drop In 2024?)
Did You Know?
The annual change in new dwelling prices was 4.8%, down from 5.1% in June, and considerably lower than a peak of 20.7% in 2022.
Food prices have been lowering, but stocking up on groceries was still 3.3% more expensive compared to September 12 months ago.
The main contributor to the 0.6% quarter-over-quarter increase in food prices were:
- Meat and seafood +1.1%.
- Fruit and vegetables +1.1%.
- Take-away and meals out +0.8%.
Above: Unfavourable growing conditions resulted in a spike in fruit and vegetable prices. At least dairy was a bit cheaper 🙂
But Wait, We’re Getting Wealthier?
While our collective household net worth has increased, around 70% of that wealth is tied to property ownership, and therefore home price values.
Above: 70% of Australian household wealth is tied to household values.
Supply shortages that are driving up home values saw household ‘non-financial asset’ wealth grow by 2.2% in the June quarter of 2024, based on ABS data.
- Financial assets of households, like superannuation, equities, and cash deposits increased by 0.7% (down from 3.3% in March) — largely due to strong share market performance.
- Lower-income earners, for whom home ownership and investing are less realistic, are losing more and more ground as inflation and higher rates persist.
It seems to be a case of the rich getting richer while others are left behind.
Recent data from the US Federal Reserve reveals American households have become wealthier since the pandemic, but the top 0.1% saw the biggest increase.
Did You Know?
The US’ mega rich now account for a near-record 13.6% of total household wealth. The lower half of households in the US hold just 2.5% of the country’s total household wealth.
What’s The Government Doing To Bring Down Living Costs?
Whether it was a cynical move, pre-meditated, or a genuine response to the cost of living pressures, Labor leader Anthony Albanese called a snap caucus meeting in early 2024 that resulted in changes to proposed stage 3 tax cuts.
The changes meant that from 1st July, 2024:
- More people earning below $120,000 got a tax cut — around $800 higher than they would have under the original plan.
- People earning $160,000 or more got a smaller tax cut than originally proposed (e.g., over $4k less for people on a $200k-plus salary).
Treasury estimates the cuts will have a negligible impact on inflation.
(Related: Will The Rates Drop In 2024?)
In March 2024, Treasurer Jim Chalmers outlined a new financial sector framework that includes the abolition of tariffs from July 1 this year, which should make some household items — like white goods, clothing and sanitary products — cheaper.
That’s assuming businesses stop passing on their tariff compliance costs to consumers.
In the budget released in May, the Treasurer revealed additional measures including:
- A $300 rebate on energy bills for every Australian household, automatically applied as credit on your electricity bill over four quarters starting from July 1, 2024.
- A 10% increase to the maximum rate of Commonwealth Rent Assistance payable to eligible people.
- A five-year freeze on the maximum co-payment pensioners need to make when buying medicine covered by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), and a one-year freeze for anyone with a Medicare card.
How Do We Measure The Cost Of Living In Australia?
Consumer Price Index (CPI) is the Australian government's go-to tool for estimating living expenses.
Measuring long-term, high-level inflation (known as "headline inflation"), it monitors price movements in a "basket" of everyday goods and services from 11 categories.
Here they are, ranked from highest to lowest.
| Housing | 22.24% |
| Food and non-alcoholic beverages | 17.18% |
| Transport | 10.99% |
| Recreation and culture | 10.84% |
| Furnishings, household equipment & services | 8.94% |
| Alcohol and tobacco | 7.87% |
| Health | 6.25% |
| Insurance and financial services | 5.56% |
| Education | 4.43% |
| Clothing and footwear | 3.37% |
| Communication | 2.31% |
Source: Australian Bureau Of Statistics, Annual weight update of the CPI and Living Cost Indexes.
Eagle-eyed readers will notice that housing is over-represented in the above CPI index, and will wonder whether Australia's skyrocketing housing costs are artificially driving up the official reported CPI level.
The correct answer is - yes and no:
- Mortgage repayments are not included in the CPI, and neither is the cost of buying established dwellings.
- Rents, the cost of new houses (excluding land value) and the cost of major alteration are included.
When Will Australians’ Living Wage Increase?
Of course, whether you feel life is affordable also comes back to how much you’re earning.
ABS data ABS data (as of August 2024) shows the median Australian employee earnings are:
- $40 per hour.
- $1,396 per week (up $96 from 2023).
- $1,700 per week for full-time employees.
That roughly equates to a median annual income of around $70K. Professionals and managers tend to earn more, the industries with the highest weekly earnings were mining and utilities.
Expert Tip.
The median is the middle value in a range and offers more useful insight into wages than an average metric, as it's less affected by outliers and skewed distributions.
The most recent WPI rise (September 2024) was 0.8% for the quarter and 3.5% for the year — beating headline inflation but on par with core inflation at 3.5%.
Australian employers believe wages will increase 2.7% in the year to October 2025 — it’s unclear if that will outpace inflation.
However, analysis by the Australian Financial Review in November found that real gross household disposable income per capita is 2% lower that pre-pandemic levels in Australia — yet 7.7% higher across OECD countries.
AFR’s Economic correspondent Michael Read said:
“Interestingly, inflation has not been particularly high in Australia by global standards. The problem, rather, is that wages growth has been relatively weak.”
Wages that aren’t keeping pace with living costs limits people’s ability to save, making the transition from renting to home ownership increasingly hard.
- Recent modelling shows Australians would have needed a pay rise between $50,00-$90,000 in 2023 to afford a median-priced house in an Australian capital city, in light of property price increases and interest rates.
- In fact, Australians on a median household income would need 10-12 years to save a 20% deposit for a home, as revealed by the ANZ CoreLogic Housing Affordability Report.
The report found servicing home loans was eating up more people’s income — at 46.2% in September 2023, compared to 29% in March 2020.
Exacerbating this issue is that:
- House price values continue to rise in 2024. But the rate of growth has slowed.
- Population growth through immigration continues to put pressure on demand and prices.
- Lack of high density housing reduces affordability and pushes people to outer suburbs, increasing their transport costs.
How Many Aussies Are Struggling With Living Expenses?
In a 2022 report, the Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS) found that 3.3 million Australians (13.4%) live below the poverty line of 50% of median income.
Research from The Melbourne Institute found the proportion of households living on incomes between 50% to 60% of Australia’s median income almost doubled (from 4 to 7.4%) between 2016 and 2021.
The Institute said:
- More Australians were now at a greater risk of being unable to recover quickly from an unexpected earnings shock (e.g., losing your job or a big expense like having a child), and
- More than 50% of Aussies have reported challenges in making ends meet since early 2020.
Obviously, people on the lower end of the salary range are doing it toughest. Australia’s minimum wage increased by 3.75% on 1 July to $915.90 per week (~$47,600 annually).
The Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS) expressed concern that if the RBA doesn’t cut the cash rate soon, more Australian jobs would be lost, hurting people on low incomes the most.
How Can Australians Ease Cost Of Living Pressures?
Avoiding spiralling debts and making your money work harder starts with having your fundamentals in order. That includes:
| What You Can Do | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
| Developing a budget that clarifies your income and expenses, including a clear picture of your current spending habits and commitments. | Without this, you’ll find it harder to stay on top of larger, less frequent bills (e.g., rego) or see where the biggest cost savings can be. |
| Setting up a foolproof savings plan by automatically diverting an amount from your pay into a different account. | Having a savings buffer helps you avoid using more expensive credit products (like payday loans) down the line to fund unexpected costs. |
| Sustainably growing your wealth by considering low-risk, long-term investments, which could include a mix of fixed interest (e.g., term deposits, bonds) and growth assets (e.g., stocks). | Money kept in the bank rarely earns interest above and beyond inflation growth. Investing provides an opportunity to improve returns on your hard-earned income. |
But you also need to think about ways to increase income and reduce expenses. One oft-overlooked strategy that is a clear winner — asking!
You should be:
- Making a case for a raise in your job if you haven’t had one in a while, seek out promotions or consider a move to a higher-paying role with another employer. A number of Australians are also taking up side gigs for extra cash, or making money through the sharing economy (e.g., renting out a spare room, your car, or your parking spot).
- Asking your current providers for a discount. For instance, if you’re driving less you could ask your car insurer for a discount. If you see a better deal advertised, hit up your current provider and see if they value your loyalty enough to stop you from leaving. You should also check your State Government’s website for available rebates and subsidies.
- Contacting your lender about a better interest rate. Don’t ignore what is typically your biggest expense. Ring or email your bank at least once a year (or more) and ask if they can do better. It helps to refer to more competitive mortgage interest charges you’ve seen on the market. If you don’t get a discount, explore refinancing with a different lender.
Important!
If you’re in strife, you can talk to a financial counsellor for free by contacting the National Debt Helpline (1800 007 007) open from 9.30 am to 4.30 pm, Monday to Friday.
Frequently Asked Questions About Cost Of Living In Australia.
Here's what Aussies, international students, business people and investors want to know about living costs.
What is the cost of living for students in Australia?
Your weekly living costs will depend on whether you live in a major or regional city, live in on-campus accommodation, a homestay family or rental accommodation.
As a rough guide:
- Shared rentals: $150 - $350 per week.
- On-campus accommodation: $130 - $350 per week.
- Private rental (studio apartment) in a capital city: $400-$600 per week.
- Private rental (studio apartment) in a regional city: $200-450 per week.
Apart from rent and tuition fees, your lifestyle can drastically impact your cost of living in Australia. Limit your spending on restaurant meals and takeaway lunches to save money.
Important!
The notorious Australian avocado toast is (allegedly) the #1 driver of all financial ruin in Australia.
How does the cost of living compare across major cities?
Let me confirm what Sydneysiders already know: your city is the most expensive in the country.
Did You Know?
Sydney is also the 10th most expensive city in the world, behind Paris, New York, Zurich, Tel Aviv and a few others. Singapore is the world's most expensive city.
But Melbourne, Darwin and Perth trail closely behind. Hobart and Adelaide are still the cheapest cities to live in.
Final Thoughts On Australia’s Rising Living Costs.
While the cost of living in Australia remains high, the longer-term forecast is for interest rates to decrease in early-to-mid 2025 as inflation starts moving in the right direction again and the Australian dollar increases in value.
Jody
Nelson says:
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John Keys says:
CMC Invest are an abysmal in turning around new accounts.
Over 1 month to setup up an account with an investment trust, and still waiting. I was promised 5 business days.
Reg Watson says:
Given that China’s economy is going down the toilet how the heck do we expect an appreciation of the Aussie in 2024 ? We are tied to China.